The Twilight Saga 2: New Moon EPILOGUE TREATY

ALMOST EVERYTHING WAS BACK TO NORMALTHE GOOD, pre-zombie normalin less time than I would have believed possible. The hospital welcomed Carlisle back with eager arms, not even bothering to conceal their delight that Esme had found life in L.A. so little to her liking. Thanks to the Calculus test I'd missed while abroad, Alice and Edward were in better to shape to graduate than I was at the moment. Suddenly, college was a priority (college was still plan B, on the off chance that Edward's offer swayed me from the post-graduation Carlisle option). Many deadlines had passed me by, but Edward had a new stack of applications for me to fill out every day. He'd already done the Harvard route, so it didn't bother him that, thanks to my procrastination, we might both end up at Peninsula Community College next year. Charlie was not happy with me, or speaking to Edward. But at least Edward was allowedduring my designated visiting hoursinside the house again. I just wasn't allowed out of it. School and work were the only exceptions, and the dreary, dull yellow walls of my classrooms had become oddly inviting to me of late. That had a lot to do with the person who sat in the desk beside me. Edward had resumed his schedule from the beginning of the year, which put him in most of my classes again. My behavior had been such last fall, after the Cullens' supposed move to L.A., that the seat beside me had never been filled. Even Mike, always eager to take any advantage, had kept a safe distance. With Edward back in place, it was almost as if the last eight months were just a disturbing nightmare. Almost, but not quite. There was the house arrest situation, for one thing. And for another, before the fall, I hadn't been best friends with Jacob Black. So, of course, I hadn't missed him then. I wasn't at liberty to go to La Push, and Jacob wasn't coming to see me. He wouldn't even answer my phone calls. I made these calls mostly at night, after Edward had been kicked outpromptly at nine by a grimly gleeful Charlieand before Edward snuck back through my window when Charlie was asleep. I chose that time to make my fruitless calls because I'd noticed that Edward made a certain face every time I mentioned Jacob's name. Sort of disapproving and wary maybe even angry. I guessed that he had some reciprocal prejudice against the werewolves, though he wasn't as vocal as Jacob had been about the â€Å"bloodsuckers.† So, I didn't mention Jacob much. With Edward near me, it was hard to think about unhappy thingseven my former besi fnend, who was probably very unhappy right now, due to me. When I did think of Jake, I always felt guilty for not thinking of him more. The fairy tale was back on. Prince returned, bad spell broken. I wasn't sure exactly what to do about the leftover, unresolved character. Where was his happily ever after? Weeks passed, and Jacob still wouldn't answer my calls. It started to become a constant worry. Like a dripping faucet in the back of my head that I couldn't shut off or ignore. Drip, drip, drip. Jacob, Jacob, Jacob. So, though I didn't mention Jacob much, sometimes my frustration and anxiety boiled over. â€Å"It's just plain rude!† I vented one Saturday afternoon when Edward picked me up from work. Being angry about things was easier than feeling guilty. â€Å"Downright insulting!† I'd varied my pattern, in hopes of a different response. I'd called Jake from work this time, only to get an unhelpfulBilly.Again. â€Å"Billy said he didn't want to talk to me,† I fumed, glaring at the rain oozing down the passenger window. â€Å"That he was there, and wouldn't walk three steps to get to the phone! Usually Billy just says he's out or busy or sleeping or something. I mean, it's not like I didn't know he was lying to me, but at least it was a polite way to handle it. I guess Billy hates me now, too. It's not fair!† â€Å"It's not you, Bella,† Edward said quietly. â€Å"Nobody hates you.† â€Å"Feels that way,† I muttered, folding my arms across my chest. It was no more than a stubborn gesture. There was no hole there nowI could barely remember the empty feeling anymore. â€Å"Jacob knows we're back, and I'm sure that he's ascertained that I'm with you,† Edward said. â€Å"He won't come anywhere near me. The enmity is rooted too deeply.† â€Å"That's stupid. He knows you're not like other vampires.† â€Å"There's still good reason to keep a safe distance.† I glared blindly out the windshield, seeing only Jacob's face, set in the bitter mask I hated. â€Å"Bella, we are what we are,† Edward said quietly. â€Å"I can control myself, but I doubt he can. He's very young. It would most likely turn into a fight, and I don't know if I could stop it before I k† he broke off, and then quickly continued. â€Å"Before I hurt him. You would be unhappy. I don't want that to happen.† I remembered what Jacob had said in the kitchen, hearing the words with perfect recall in his husky voice. I'm not sure that I'm even-tempered enough to handle that You probably wouldn't like it so much if I killed your friend. But he'd been able to handle it, that time â€Å"Edward Cullen,† I whispered. â€Å"Were you about to say ‘killed him? Were you?† He looked away from me, staring into the rain. In front of us, the red light I hadn't noticed turned green and he started forward again, driving very slowly. Not his usual way of driving. â€Å"I would try very hard not to do that,† Edward finally said. I stared at him with my mouth hanging open, but he continued to look straight ahead. We were paused at the corner stop sign. Abruptly, I remembered what had happened to Paris when Romeo came back. The stage directions were simple: They fight. Paris falls. But that was ridiculous. Impossible. â€Å"Well,† I said, and took a deep breath, shaking my head to dispel the words in my head. â€Å"Nothing like that is ever going to happen, so there's no reason to worry about it. And you know Charlie's staring at the clock right now. You'd better get me home before I get in more trouble for being late.† I turned my face up toward him, to smile halfheartedly. Every time I looked at his face, that impossibly perfect face, my heart pounded strong and healthy and very there in my chest. This time, the pounding raced ahead of its usual besotted pace. I recognized the expression on his statue-still face. â€Å"You're already in more trouble, Bella,† he whispered through unmoving lips. I slid closer, clutching his arm as I followed his gaze to see what he was seeing. I don't know what I expectedmaybe Victoria standing in the middle of the street, her flaming red hair blowing in the wind, or a line of tall black cloaks or a pack of angry werewolves. But I didn't see anything at all. â€Å"What? What is it?† He took a deep breath. â€Å"Charlie† â€Å"My dad?† I screeched. He looked down at me then, and his expression was calm enough to ease some of my panic. â€Å"Charlie is probably not going to kill you, but he's thinking about it,† he told me. He started to drive forward again, down my street, but he passed the house and parked by the edge of the trees. â€Å"What did I do?† I gasped. Edward glanced back at Charlie's house. I followed his gaze, and noticed for the first time what was parked in the driveway next to the cruiser. Shiny, bright red, impossible to miss. My motorcycle, flaunting itself in the driveway. Edward had said that Charlie was ready to kill me, so he must know thatthat it was mine. There was only one person who could be behind this treachery. â€Å"No!† I gasped. â€Å"Why? Why would Jacob do this to me?† The sting of betrayal washed through me. I had trusted Jacob implicitlytrusted him with every single secret I had. He was supposed to be my safe harborthe person I could always rely on. Of course things were strained right now, but I didn't think any of the underlying foundation had changed. I didn't think that was changeable! What had I done to deserve this? Charlie was going to be so madand worse than that, he was going to be hurt and worried. Didn't he have enough to deal with already? I would have never imagined that Jake could be so petty and just plain mean. Tears sprang, smarting, into my eyes, but they were not tears of sadness. I had been betrayed. I was suddenly so angry that my head throbbed like it was going to explode. â€Å"Is he still here?† I hissed. â€Å"Yes. He's waiting for us there.† Edward told me, nodding toward the slender path that divided the dark fringe of the forest in two. I jumped out of the car, launching myself toward the trees with my hands already balled into fists for the first punch. Why did Edward have to be so much faster than me? He caught me around the waist before I made the path. â€Å"Let me go! I'm going to murder him! Traitor!† I shouted the epithet toward the trees. â€Å"Charlie will hear you,† Edward warned me. â€Å"And once he gets you inside, he may brick over the doorway.† I glanced back at the house instinctively, and it seemed like the glossy red bike was all I could see. I was seeing red. My head throbbed again. â€Å"Just give me one round with Jacob, and then I'll deal with Charlie.† I struggled futilely to break free. â€Å"Jacob Black wants to see me. That's why he's still here.† That stopped me coldtook the fight right out of me. My hands went limp. They fight; Paris falls. I was furious, but not that furious. â€Å"Talk?† I asked. â€Å"More or less.† â€Å"How much more?† My voice shook. Edward smoothed my hair back from my face. â€Å"Don't worry, he's not here to fight me. He's acting as spokesperson for the pack.† â€Å"Oh.† Edward looked at the house again, then tightened his arm around my waist and pulled me toward the woods. â€Å"We should hurry. Charlie's getting impatient.† We didn't have to go far; Jacob waited just a short ways up the path. He lounged against a mossy tree trunk as he waited, his face hard and bitter, exactly the way I knew it would be. He looked at me, and then at Edward. Jacob's mouth stretched into a humorless sneer, and he shrugged away from the tree. He stood on the balls of his bare feet, leaning slightly forward, with his trembling hands clenched into fists. He looked bigger than the last time I'd seen him. Somehow, impossibly, he was still growing. He would tower over Edward, if they stood next to each other. But Edward stopped as soon as we saw him, leaving a wide space between us and Jacob. Edward turned his body, shifting me so that I was behind him. I leaned around him to stare at Jacobto accuse him with my eyes. I would have thought that seeing his resentful, cynical expression would only make me angrier. Instead, it reminded me of the last time I'd seen him, with tears in his eyes. My fury weakened, faltered, as I stared at Jacob. It had been so long since I'd seen himI hated that our reunion had to be like this. â€Å"Bella,† Jacob said as a greeting, nodding once toward me without looking away from Edward. â€Å"Why?† I whispered, trying to hide the sound of the lump in my throat. â€Å"How could you do this to me, Jacob?† The sneer vanished, but his face stayed hard and rigid. â€Å"It's for the best.† â€Å"What is that supposed to mean? Do you want Charlie to strangle me? Or did you want him to have a heart attack, like Harry? No matter how mad you are at me, how could you do this to him?† Jacob winced, and his eyebrows pulled together, but he didn't answer. â€Å"He didn't want to hurt anyonehe just wanted to get you grounded, so that you wouldn't be allowed to spend time with me,† Edward murmured, explaining the thoughts Jacob wouldn't say. Jacob's eyes sparked with hate as he glowered at Edward again. â€Å"Aw, Jake!† I groaned. â€Å"I'm already grounded! Why do you think I haven't been down to La Push to kick your butt for avoiding my phone calls?† Jacob's eyes flashed back to me, confused for the first time. â€Å"That's why?† he asked, and then locked his jaw, like he was sorry he'd said anything. â€Å"He thought I wouldn't let you, not Charlie,† Edward explained again. â€Å"Stop that,† Jacob snapped. Edward didn't answer. Jacob shuddered once, and then gritted his teeth as hard as his fists. â€Å"Bella wasn't exaggerating about your abilities,† he said through his teeth. â€Å"So you must already know why I'm here.† â€Å"Yes,† Edward agreed in a soft voice. â€Å"But, before you begin, I need to say something.† Jacob waited, clenching and unclenching his hands as he tried to control the shivers rolling down his arms. â€Å"Thank you,† Edward said, and his voice throbbed with the depth of his sincerity. â€Å"I will never be able to tell you how grateful I am. I will owe you for the rest of my existence.† Jacob stared at him blankly, his shudders stilled by surprise. He exchanged a quick glance with me, but my face was just as mystified. â€Å"For keeping Bella alive,† Edward clarified, his voice rough and fervent. â€Å"When I didn't.† â€Å"Edward,† I started to say, but he held one hand up, his eyes on Jacob. Understanding washed over Jacob's face before the hard mask returned. â€Å"I didn't do it for your benefit.† â€Å"I know. But that doesn't erase the gratitude I feel. I thought you should know. If there's ever anything in my power to do for you† Jacob raised one black brow. Edward shook his head. â€Å"That's not in my power.† â€Å"Whose, then?† Jacob growled. Edward looked down at me. â€Å"Hers. I'm a quick learner, Jacob Black, and I don't make the same mistake twice. I'm here until she orders me away.† I was immersed momentarily in his golden gaze. It wasn't hard to understand what I'd missed in the conversation. The only thing that Jacob would want from Edward would be his absence. â€Å"Never,† I whispered, still locked in Edward's eyes. Jacob made a gagging sound. I unwillingly broke free from Edward's gaze to frown at Jacob. â€Å"Was there something else you needed, Jacob? You wanted me in troublemission Accomplished. Charlie might just send me to military school. But that won't keep me away from Edward. There's nothing that can do that. What more do you want?† Jacob kept his eyes on Edward â€Å"I just needed to remind your bloodsucking friends of a few key points in the treaty they agreed to. The treaty chat is the only thing stopping me from ripping his throat out right this minute.† â€Å"We haven't forgotten,† Edward said at the same time that I demanded, â€Å"What key points?† Jacob still glowered at Edward, but he answered me. â€Å"The treaty is quite specific. If any of them bite a human, the truce is over. Bite, not kill,† he emphasized. Finally, he looked at me. His eyes were cold. It only took me a second to grasp the distinction, and then my face was as cold as his. â€Å"That's none of your business.† â€Å"The hell it† was all he managed to choke out. I didn't expect my hasty words to bring on such a strong response. Despite the warning he'd come to give, he must not have known. He must have thought the warning was just a precaution. He hadn't realizedor didn't want to believethat I had already made my choice. That I was really intending to become a member of the Cullen family. My answer sent Jacob into near convulsions. He pressed his fists hard against his temples, closing his eyes tight and curling in on himself as he tried to control the spasms. His face turned sallow green under the russet skin. â€Å"Jake? You okay?† I asked anxiously. I took a half-step toward him, then Edward caught me and yanked me back behind his own body. â€Å"Careful! He's not under control,† he warned me. But Jacob was already somewhat himself again; only his arms were shaking now. He scowled at Edward with pure hate. â€Å"Ugh. I would never hurt her.† Neither Edward or I missed the inflection, or the accusation it contained. A low hiss escaped Edward's lips. Jacob clenched his fists reflexively. â€Å"BELLA!† Charlie's roar echoed from the direction of the house. â€Å"YOU GET IN THIS HOUSE THIS INSTANT!† All of us froze, listening to the silence that followed. I was the first to speak; my voice trembled. â€Å"Crap.† Jacob's furious expression faltered. â€Å"I am sorry about that,† he muttered. â€Å"I had to do what I couldI had to try† â€Å"Thanks.† The tremor in my voice ruined the sarcasm. I stared up the path, half-expecting Charlie to come barreling through the wet ferns like an enraged bull. I would be the red flag in that scenario. â€Å"Just one more thing,† Edward said to me, and then he looked at Jacob. â€Å"We've found no trace of Victoria on our side of the linehave you?† He knew the answer as soon as Jacob thought it, but Jacob spoke the answer anyway. â€Å"Trie last time was while Bella was away. We let her think she was slipping throughwe were tightening the circle, getting ready to ambush her† Ice shot down my spine. â€Å"But then she took off like a bat out of hell. Near as we can tell, she caught your little female's scent and bailed. She hasn't come near our lands since.† Edward nodded. â€Å"When she comes back, she's not your problem anymore. We'll† â€Å"She killed on our turf,† Jacob hissed. â€Å"She's ours!† â€Å"No,† I began to protest both declarations. â€Å"BELLA! I SEE HIS CAR AND I KNOW YOU'RE OUT THERE! IF YOU AREN'T INSIDE THIS HOUSE IN ONE MINUTE !† Charlie didn't bother to finish his threat. â€Å"Let's go,† Edward said. I looked back at Jacob, torn. Would I see him again? â€Å"Sorry,† he whispered so low that I had to read his lips to understand. ‘†Bye, Bells.† â€Å"You promised,† I reminded him desperately. â€Å"Still friends, right?† Jacob shook his head slowly, and the lump in my throat nearly strangled me. â€Å"You know how hard I've tried to keep that promise, but I can't see how to keep trying. Not now† He struggled to keep his hard mask in place, but it wavered, and then disappeared. â€Å"Miss you,† he mouthed. One of his hands reached toward me, his fingers outstretched, like he wished they were long enough to cross the distance between us. â€Å"Me, too,† I choked out. My hand reached toward his across the wide space. Like we were connected, the echo of his pain twisted inside me. His pain, my pain. â€Å"Jake† I took a step toward him. I wanted to wrap my arms around his waist and erase the expression of misery on his face. Edward pulled me back again, his arms restraining instead of defending. â€Å"It's okay,† I promised him, looking up to read his face with trust in my eyes. He would understand. His eyes were unreadable, his face expressionless. Cold. â€Å"No, it's not.† â€Å"Let her go,† Jacob snarled, furious again. â€Å"She wants to!† He took two long strides forward. A glint of anticipation flashed in his eyes. His chest seemed to swell as it shuddered. Edward pushed me behind himself, wheeling to face Jacob. â€Å"No! Edward!† â€Å"ISABELLA SWAN!† â€Å"Come on! Charlie's mad!† My voice was panicked, but not because of Charlie now. â€Å"Hurry!† I tugged on him and he relaxed a little. He pulled me back slowly, always keeping his eyes on Jacob as we retreated. Jacob watched us with a dark scowl on his bitter face. The anticipation drained from his eyes, and then, just before the forest came between us, his face suddenly crumpled in pain. I knew that last glimpse of his face would haunt me until I saw him smile again. And right there I vowed that I would see him smile, and soon. I would find a way to keep my friend. Edward kept his arm tight around my waist, holding me close. That was the only thing that held the tears inside my eyes. I had some serious problems. My best friend counted me with his enemies. Victoria was still on the loose, putting everyone I loved in danger. If I didn't become a vampire soon, the Volturi would kill me. And now it seemed that if I did, the Quileute werewolves would try to do the job themselvesalong with trying to kill my future family. I didn't think they had any chance really, but would my best friend get himself killed in the attempt? Very serious problems. So why did they all suddenly seem insignificant when we broke through the last of the trees and I caught sight of the expression on Charlie's purple face? Edward squeezed me gently. â€Å"I'm here.† I drew in a deep breath. That was true. Edward was here, with his arms around me. I could face anything as long as that was true. I squared my shoulders and walked forward to meet my fate, with my destiny solidly at my side.

Educating Rita Essay

How does Willy Russell use dramatic devices to show the change in character and relationship in Rita and Frank. In this essay I will be exploring the dramatic devices Willy Russell uses to show the changes in characters and the development in relationships. One of the dramatic devices is the telephone. The telephone shows to me that Frank is the sort of person who never really socialises and only cares about himself and his always in his own world. â€Å"The telephone rings and startles him,.† This stage direction supports my point because the word â€Å"startles† implies that he is shocked about the phone call as if no-one ever calls him, the word â€Å"startles†, also implies that he is not focusing on what is going on around him and what he is doing and he indulges in his drink. The first impression I get of Frank is that he is emotionally unstable because he is always frantically searching for something in his bookcase, and he is constantly saying random letters and names, â€Å"E,Ec,E.† I also got the impression that Frank is not really interested in his job working at the university also I got the impression that Frank has always wanted to do something other than teaching, in the movie Frank is in a completely different world when his is in a lecture as well that Frank doesn’t really seem that interested in teaching the students at all. Another dramatic device Willy Russell uses is the door, the door in Frank’s study is like a barrier between him and his students, â€Å"I’m comin’ in, aren’t I? You wanna get that bleedin’ handle fixed.† This supports my point because the fact that Frank is not in the slight bit interested to fix the door and he knows the door is unable to open easily shows me that he is deliberately trying to keep out his students and his co-workers , this also shows me that he has a lot to hide because he is constantly in his study. The door projects the emotions of Rita before she opens the door, â€Å"there’s another knock on the door.† This suggests that Rita is nervous and she wants to get her interview over and done with. I think Rita would be nervous because she is stepping into a world where she doesn’t fit in and where she stands out from other students because she comes from a lower class, also I think that Rita is nervous because she is breaking away from the traditional role expected of lower class women in the 1970’s. â€Å"I’m I should’ve had a baby by now. Everyone expects it.† The first impression I received from Rita is she’s a lower class woman who is trying something new for the first and would probably give up after a while, â€Å"Because I might decide to pack it in.† During Act 1 Scene 1 Rita shows that she is really determined to become a student and educate herself. â€Å"It’s not sudden. I’ve been realising for ages that I’m out of step.† The relationship between Frank and Rita has been strong since the beginning because Frank saw something unique in Rita that his other students don’t have, â€Å"You’re the first breath of fresh air that’s been in this room for years.† This quote shows the strength of relationship between Frank and Rita because earlier he was talking about throwing his students out of his study window, Frank doesn’t really interact with his students in the way he does with Rita. I think that Frank feels that Rita is portraying the life he would love to have away from annoying students who analysis everything. Willy Russell uses the window as another dramatic device , I think that the window is significant because it shows a connection between Frank and the outside world, the window shows changes in Rita when she comes back from summer school , in the film when Frank was looking out of the window he acknowledges Rita sitting down on the bench and approaches her showing the breaking of the barrier whereas before he would have been completely oblivious to what is going on around him. Earlier in the play the breaking of the barrier by Frank was suttle, â€Å"you’re the first breath of fresh air that’s been in this room for years.† This shows the breaking of the barrier of the two classes because it shows that they can get along. The change in Rita is shown by the window after summer school because in the beginning of the film , Rita hid away from the students and she looked down onto the students on the grass when she was in Franks study , But when she came back Rita mingles in with the students and pushes Frank to go out an sit on the grass with them. â€Å"lets go out there. On the grass.† This shows that she’s breaking out of her shell and she’s mixing in with the middle class and she is not standing out anymore. During the time Rita was at summer school, I think she changed remarkably in her knowledge and the language she used. â€Å"Blake, William Blake.† This quote supports my point because at the beginning she would have referred the poet to a person in the lower class that frank has never heard of but now she is analysing and instantly naming poets off by heart because at the end of Act 2 Scene1 she recited one of William Blake’s poem â€Å"The Songs Of Innocence.† The Dramatic devices Willy Russell uses shows a lot of emotion between Frank and Rita , because Frank is an image Rita would like to have knowledge wise and vice versa , like the window showed a lot of changes so did the door. The first impression I get of Rita’s and Franks relationship is a student and teacher relationship, but as the play progresses their relationship turns into a more personal one. The play of Educating Rita was mainly based on Willy Russell’s life and the changes he had to go through , I feel that the dramatic devices Willy Russell uses are very successful in showing the changes in relationship and life of Rita and Frank.

Managing Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Organisations - Essay Example ld help an organisation handle stress and health and safety at workplace; and economics would provide theories applicable in labour market dynamics and productivity. Managers, even the highly educated would always be seeking for universal, simple management solutions which do not exist because the contingency theory defines each situation need with its unique approach (Pettus, Kor & Mahoney 2009). According to Searle (2003), organisational psychology employs scientifically-based principles in psychology and research methods in the identification and solving of problems at work places. It aims at giving managers the insights into understanding and measuring human behaviour so as to improve employee satisfaction, increase the ability of managers to identify and promote best performers and make the working conditions better. These would be achieved through creation of tests and understanding the evaluation of human factors. According to the expectancy theory, one of the motivation psychological theories, the first step towards the attainment of superior performance from an employee would be through expectancy which describes the level to which an employee perceives that application of sufficient effort would yield successful achievement in a task (Searle 2003). In the second step, referred to as instrumentality, the employee’s concern would be whether successful achievement in a task would yield rewards. Finally, the employees’ value of the reward would also be considered. As a matter of fact, the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, CIPD (2005) points out at the equity theory which suggests that an employee would always compare oneself to other employees according to the contributions made and the reward received. Maslow also contributed to this discussion by defining the work environment and motivational effects where the scholar argued that several critical needs would be fulfilled through work, giving the hierarchy of these needs (Luthans et al.

The Outsourcing of Information Technology Jobs Research Paper

The Outsourcing of Information Technology Jobs - Research Paper Example This paper discusses various aspects of IT outsourcing phenomenon and the reasons as to why firms outsource. According to reports by Gartner, the worldwide IT services outsourcing market is currently worth about 50 billion USD with the ITES and BPO market being worth about 130 billion USD (Pettey, 2009). The economic recession has had a downward pressure on the outsourcing market. In 2008, India with its leading companies such as Accenture, Infosys, Wipro, TCS and many other had a 63% market share of the IT outsourcing market. This is a decrease from the 70% market share it enjoyed in 2007 when India was the preferred destination and now other countries such as Eastern European regions, China, Taiwan and South Africa have entered the market. This is a reduction from the 2004 figures that placed the IT outsourcing market at 163 billion USD (McCue, 2005). Clearly, the market has been worsted by the economic recession, failure of large banks and insurance companies, failure of large automobile manufacturers and many other firms. Outsourcing has been around since a few decades and the best examples were outsourcing of food and catering business, janitorial services, housekeeping work and so on. This was actually also called as ‘in sourcing’ since outside companies and vendors came to work inside a firm. The outsourcing and in sourcing phenomenon has been regarded as one of the forces that flattened the world. Among the 10 flattening forces, Friedman has listed five forces that can be regarded as leading to outsourcing. The forces are: 4th force Open-Sourcing; 5th force Outsourcing; 6th force Offshoring; 7th force Supply-Chaining and 8th force Insourcing (Friedman, 2005). The world firs realized the benefits of outsourcing when Kodak outsourced its whole IT department to IBM for 6 billion USD. Up till then, IT outsourcing was only done for data entry work, electronic transcription of hard

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Consumer Behavior Analysis - Essay Example The first and foremost thing, of course, is to do market fragmentation; it is a necessary early step while making a marketing plan. To know who the product is for is probably the most important factor to determine before any anything. Another vital factor is to develop the need recognition of the product in the customers’ eye. It is the psychology of humans to recognize something as ‘need’ or ‘want’ before a purchase. Even if it is a ‘want’, the desire to experience it in order to feel better is often subconsciously camouflaged as a ‘need’ as well. This is also referred to as customer’s value perception of the product. (Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G., 1991). Hence, the products should be marketed in a way that the consumers can recognize and acknowledge the need of those items for themselves. It is important to identify what benefit and value are the customers deriving from the products vis-Ã  -vis what the products are offering. For the advertising campaign of the product line, the main proposition can be protection against the harshness of outdoor lifestyle. This proposition creates much value for males considering a common man’s outdoor routine and sun and dust exposure to the skin. Since the product line is only chosen for men, the marketing strategy needs to revolve around the lifestyle of men. This means that the outdoor roughness and rugged routines for men need to be utilized as key factors during marketing. Moreover, the target market of the personal care product line is bracketed for young males who are aged from 18-35. Considering these factors as framework, it is important to distribute focus on each product according to their specific offerings. For instance, the hair-styling gel needs to address its firm nature, wet look, allowing young males to use the gel for any hairstyle - from causal to formal. The face wash and shampoo will address their own offerings, while staying in the same age group of 18-35, along with a

The House of Tata Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The House of Tata - Term Paper Example Keeping this in mind, it was obvious for Tata to take certain new initiatives such as promoting Tata brand collectively for all group companies; find a strong partner for joint ventures; groom young leaders in-house and so on. Creating a unified brand by Tata Sons is certainly a strategic move with long-term ramifications. It is true that Tata name itself is a guarantee of quality among Indian consumers but in a free market regime, Tata group of companies will have to compete with formidable international brands in several segments of the businesses that include automobiles, chemicals, domestic appliance business, and many more. Promoting Tata brand will consolidate brand equity not only in the national but also international market too. It is true that certain companies in the Tata fold such as Indian Hotels does not use Tata name because ‘Taj Group of Hotels’ (the way it is known as) has itself become a name to reckon with in the hotel business in India; however, while raising money from abroad, the Indian Hotel did exploit Tata name while conveying to international community and that itself is a proof that Tata is a brand that each group company would always like to identify with at some point of time. The cost that each company will have to pay to Holding company, Tata Sons, is certainly a fraction of the benefits that they will derive nationally and internationally in the long run. This is a much required initiative on part of Tata Sons unifying all the companies with a common brand. Similarly, divesting a 20 percent stake in Tata Industries Limited to the Jardine Matheson of Hong Kong is another bold and strategic move. With the economic liberalization, Tata knew that retailing and distribution, financial services businesses in India would grow at a rapid pace and they would need a partner that possessed not only rich experience in such businesses but also ready to invest substantial sums in new ventures. Jardine group of Hong Kong was certai nly a perfect choice as a partner for many new ventures that Tata Industries was contemplating to embark on with the long term view of strengthening the corporate portfolio. While India moved decisively to a free market economy, the bountiful of opportunities emerged for large houses. The house of Tata was no exception to it. Ratan Tata was quick to realize that they would need a plenty of young talents if they needed to grow at fast pace taking advantage of the numerous opportunities that were lurking ahead. Keeping this perspective in mind, Ratan Tata launched Tata Administrative Services (TAS). The sole purpose was to groom future leaders hiring them young rather than recruiting people tainted with ‘outside culture’, it was a much better foresight to train and nurture young talents in-house. TAS was designed such that young management graduate â€Å"would gain exposure to three different industries through planned job rotation within the Tata companies" (Khanna, Pal epu and Wu, 8). The program was designed to "foster leadership, teamwork and group values" (Khanna, Palepu and Wu, 8). This way, not only young management recruits will be nurtured with required management skills but also be groomed with proper leadership qualities imbibing the spirit of 'Tata culture' at a fairly young age. After all, Tatas have been hugely popular in India because of their good quality products and ethical business practices for last several decades and that spirit must continue in

Statement of purpose in Leadership to Catholic University Personal

Of purpose in Leadership to Catholic University - Personal Statement Example In a class, I usually taught 20 students. Since then, I have spent three years teaching children whose ages were between 4-5 years old. I consider myself lucky to have found a job where I could practice what I had learned in college. As a teacher, I manifest my leadership abilities everyday by guiding my students in their in-class activities. Teaching pre-school children is both a very rewarding and demanding job. As many people know, children at the pre-school age are difficult to manage. It is an age where they are curious about everything around them. It is also the age where their personalities and characters are molded. When I was working, I managed to deal with all kind of children, and even some who have difficulties in speaking and very active children. Communication was also an important factor when I was a teacher. I loved exchanging ideas with my students, their mothers and their close relatives often on a daily basis. This way I could take note of what needed to be improved or kept to make my students progress even more. I also talked freely with my director about my ways and skills in teaching and managing my classes. I appreciated the input my director would give me about my performance. I am a very organized person so I always like to manage and improve myself. This trait proved to be in my favor because our school principal always complemented my good work and this built my confidence in my abilities. I chose to be a teacher for pre-school children because I enjoy studying about childhood and teaching. I found it interesting to work with kids at this age. As their teacher, I had to be patient yet firm with them at all times. I also had to be able to look beyond their tantrums, understand what they really needed and give this to them if I could. I feel that I have the ability to teach and lead students. I have a calm personality and I truly understand my students’ needs. Also, I hope this career will prepare me in

Homeland Security Act of 2002 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Homeland Security Act of 2002 - Term Paper Example After discussing the security provisions, the impact of these provisions on airline revenue, profitability and reputation are also discussed. In the end the paper discusses the impact of the provision to cap airline liability in the case of a terrorist attack. It also explains the insurance provided by FAA in the face of high premium charges of private insurers after September 11 attacks Homeland Security Act of 2002 Introduction The Homeland Security Act of 2002 was passed by the US congress in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks in order to prevent further terrorist attacks on US soil. This act has created the Department of Homeland Security which has been given wide ranging powers in order to prevent terrorist strikes on US soil. The formation of this department has been termed as the largest re-organization of the federal government since the creation of Department of Defense. In the 9/11 attacks, airline security was found wanting. It was due to lax security at the airport s that terrorists were able hijack planes and ram them into the twin towers. Because of this, airline security is an integral part of the Homeland security act. After 9/11, the Aviation and Transport Security Act (ATSA) was enacted which established the Transport Security administration. Initially, the TSA worked under the Department of Transportation but with the passage of Homeland Security Act, TSA was moved to the Department of Homeland Security from 2003 (Blalock & Kadiyali, 2007). Changes in security due to Homeland Security Act TSA introduced various changes in security measures under the Homeland security act 2002. Some of the major changes introduced have been listed below. No Fly List and Identification Requirement All adult passengers are now required to show a proof if identification before they are allowed to board a plane. Apart from this, TSA also compares the passengers against a No-fly list. Those whose names appear on the no-fly list are not allowed to board. This includes the names of around 21000 people. In addition to this TSA also has a list of Selectees, passengers who are to be screened thoroughly before being allowed to board a flight (Mueller, 2004). Passenger Screening Screening of passengers before boarding flight was initially done by private security screeners. In order to improve efficiency, TSA took over the screening of passenger’s at all commercial airports from November 2002. They increased the compensation of screeners in order to reduce turnover and also increased the amount of training provided to the screeners in order to make them more efficient. Baggage Screening Prior to 9/11 attacks, only 5% of the checked in baggage was screened. TSA mandated compulsory screening of all check in baggage from 2002. They were also asked to positively match the bag checked to a passenger on board the flight. Airlines were free to adopt any of the four methods in order to screen the baggage – Explosion Detection system, Exp losion trace detection machines, bomb-sniffing dogs or manual search of the bags.

Leadership And Management of Law Enforcement Personnel Within the Term Paper

Leadership And Management of Law Enforcement Personnel Within the Organization - Term Paper Example Transformational leadership has shown significant potential in law enforcement organizations. These organizations now operate in the current age of unpredictable change where leaders must try to ensure that their members are sufficiently developed and empowered to make their own decisions, especially in the field. Line officers must be able to also take a leadership role once they are outside the physical custody and jurisdiction of their leaders (Dobby, et.al., 2004). In the field, they may be thrust into situations where they need to make quick and appropriate decisions. The transformational leader therefore seeks to prepare his subordinates to be independent and proactive thinkers, making them significant assets in the field. Transformational leaders seem to be more effective as compared to transactional leaders in the long term (Hinkin and Tracey, 1994). They help inspire confidence, as well as help provide learning experiences to the to the subordinates (Dobby, et.al., 2004). Th is type of leadership has also been known for assisting in the implementation of changes in various settings, thereby allowing the members to adjust to these changes and make personal adjustments in their activities. In applying this transformational type of leadership in the UK, the National Policing Plan was able to deliver improvements in the performance of police officers, as well as ensure the reduction of crime in the country (Dobby, et.al., 2004). This type of leadership is therefore one of the effective methods of leadership which can be applied in order to ensure the effective management of law enforcement organizations. Moriarty (2009) discusses that most organizations need effective leadership in order to succeed. Without... This essay stresses that it is also important for managers to recognize stress, anxiety, and fatigue among their employees. It is therefore important for managers to be adequately trained in recognizing signs of stress and fatigue. Some of these signs may include irritability, hot-headedness, sleeping while on shift, frequent yawning, forgetfulness or memory lapses, and anger. Once these signs are noted among employees, it is important for managers to implement changes in shift work, ordering time off for these officers, and similar other fatigue-relieving remedies. It is also important for the managers to encourage their employees to approach sleep and rest as a safety and performance issue This paper makes a conclusion that Leaders and managers of law enforcement officers have a significant challenge of managing their subordinates and ensuring the peace and safety of the general population. In order to manage law enforcement officers, various programs can be applied. One of these programs is the Leadership in Police Organizations which has gained widespread support. This is a program which seeks to ensure police participation in their own leadership. Very much in relation to transformational leadership, the LPO is an effective means of engaging officers to be their own leaders. Education and training among managers and line officers on the management of stress and fatigue is also an important addition to the effective management of law enforcement officers.

Difference between active and passive forms Essay Example for Free

Difference between active and passive forms Essay Difference between active and passive forms Introduction Active forms            Inactive forms of the sentence, the doer or the thing that is doing the action is the subject of the sentence while the one that is receiving the action is the subject of the sentence. Most of the sentences in the real world are in the active forms. It is always in the form; (Action Doer or the subject)+(Verb)+( The action receiver or the object) Example John wrote the essay Here; John is the subject, wrote is the verb and essay is the object. Passive Form            In the passive form, the things that are doing the action are the subject of the sentences while the thing that is doing the action is the object and it is placed at the end of the sentence after the word â€Å"by†. The passive form is always used when one thinks that the object or the receiver of the action is to be emphasized or is deemed to be more important. This form is also used to exercise courtesy where one doesn’t want to mention the action’s doer or the doer of the action is not known. It is always in the form; (Action receiver)+(past participle of the verb in question)+(by)+(action doer) Example The essay was written by john Essay is the action receiver, written is the past participle of wrote, by precedes the doer, John References Courtland L. Bovee John V. Thill, July 21, 2013. Business Communication Today (12th Edition. Source document

Impacts of Commercial Pressures on Audit Performance

Impacts of Commercial Pressures on Audit Performance Given the commercial pressures  are Auditors doing a good job? Introduction For two decades the debate has raged regarding whether auditors are performing their tasks adequately, within the bounds of the commercial pressures they are under. In preparing this paper, we have studied current research and comment surrounding this issue. Our opinion is that, although there are areas of serious concern and issues that need to be addressed, generally the auditing profession is doing a good job. â€Å"The debacle of Enron has shaken core assumptions about auditors and auditing.† (Kay and Carsberg 2002). Following the collapse of Enron, and its auditor’s Andersen, the role, competency, quality and standards of auditors came under increasing scrutiny, resulting in a raft of headlines such as the one quoted. The call from Kay and Carsberg, and others, for national and international standard committees to be set up, was quickly responded to. The US Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) and UK Combined Code of Corporate Governance (2003), both of which imposed stringent conditions onto the audit process, were swiftly introduced. As a result, the profession, through the IFA[1] (2006) responded with a complete overhaul of standards. All these regulations and standards have been subject to constant revision since their inception. However, concerns still exist regarding auditor performance as recent attempts by the UK government to criminalize certain audit failures shows (Parliamentary Correspondent 2006). In the same article audit firms responded, stating such a move would be â€Å"both costly and ineffective†[2] and that the â€Å"proposed offence will inevitably lead to defensive auditing, which is not in the interests of the profession or clients.†[3] . The auditing process, particularly in respect of Plc’s[4] is a complex procedure. There is a significant amount of preparatory work to be undertaken prior to the audit itself, including an understanding of the client’s business, evaluation of the risk, and the costing and construction of the audit itself (Dassen et. al. 2004, ch.6). This will determine the depth, breath, and percentage of testing required, fulfilling their tasks and complying with the requirements of all the applicable regulations and codes. This process also includes reaching an agreement on the fees to be charged. The audit task is even more complex when the organisation involved is a multi-national or transnational corporation. In addition, auditing firms have to ensure that they, and all of the persons involved in the audit, when preparing the audit, need to take into account all modifications and improvements to IFA standards, Company Law and the Combined Codes (Grey and Manson 2004). To monitor audits standards the government set up the Audit Inspection Unit (2006). The task of this unit is to ensure audits have complied with all current regulations (see page 6 of the report). Their latest report covered the â€Å"big four† firms and, for first time, the next five largest auditing firms. Seventy-seven audits were reviewed, over a number of sizes and industry sectors (see Appendix 1). Although, in general terms, the report responded positively, concluding that auditing firms are maintaining a reasonably high standard, there were some concerns. They found that progress on previous recommendations had been slower than expected, although there were mitigating circumstances (see section 4.1.1, p.11). In addition there was some concern expressed regarding the audit documentation (section 4.4.7, p.21). However, in other areas, such as leadership and human resources (section 4.2), improvements had been seen. In their final analysis, only in three areas did the Uni t make further recommendations. Addressing the position from the government viewpoint, a report was commissioned by the FRC[5] (Oxera Consultancy Group 2006). This report concentrated on the availability of auditor choice to corporations, and the competitive aspect of the profession in general. Whilst agreeing with the Audit Reporting Unit’s conclusion that generally the audit profession was performing their tasks well, this report expressed concerns in other areas. These focused on the dominance of the major audit firms within Plc and international fields. The fear is this leads to lack of choice and has produced increases in fees that exceed inflation by a significant amount, as much as 11%. There was also recognition that, from a logistical and cost point of view, it was virtually impossible for other auditing firms to compete for this market. One of the resultant fears that most corporate management expressed, was the problem that would be caused if there was a consolidation from four to three firms, and the impact this would have on other accounting and financial services, as well as the audit choice. Conclusion Having studied all of the research, we would concur with the conclusion that in view of the commercial concerns, audit firms are generally performing a good job. However, in our opinion, there is a need to address the competitive issues surround audit firms in the cases of quoted company audits. We would recommend that the laws of competition should be applied to the audit industry to ensure the numbers of firms do not reduce still further, and that ways should be considered to enable other firms to compete successfully in this market. References Audit Inspection Unit (2006) 2005/6 Audit Quality Inspections. Financial Reporting Council. London. UK Dassen, R., Schilder, A., Wallage, P. and Hayes, R. (2004) Principles of Auditing: An Introduction to International Standards on Auditing. FT Prentice Hall. Gray, Iain and Manson, Stuart (2004). The Audit Process: Principles, Practice and Cases. Third edition. Thomson Learning. Handbook of International Auditing, Assurance, and Ethics Pronouncements. (2006). International Federation of Accountants. New York. Kay, John and Carsberg, Bryan (2002) Stiffening the auditors’ backbones. Financial Times. UK Oxera Consultancy Group (2006). Competition and choice in the UK audit market. Report prepared for Financial Reporting Council. London. Parliamentary Correspondent. (2006). Auditors may escape criminal sanctions. Accountancy Age, UK. Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) Retrieved 6 November 2006 from http://www.sarbanes-oxley-101.com/sarbanes-oxley-TOC.htm The Committee on Corporate Governance (2003). The Combined Code on Corporate Governance. Financial Reporting Council. London. Footnotes [1] International Federation of Accountants [2] Baroness Noakes, a former KMPG partner [3] An Ernst Young spokesman [4] Public Limited Companies [5] Financial Reporting Council

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Well, this is it. These are the only seniors who were able to survive the culminating exhibition. If I had known that there would be this many open seats, I would have invited my third cousins from Norway. You know, it's funny. As I look around at the familiar faces in the student section, I am reminded about something. Our class, particularly the girls, have been very fashion-conscious over the last four years. Some even seem to be in competition with one another. Well girls, here we are on the most important day of your high school careers, and you're all wearing the same thing. The guys, on the other hand, could care less. I know for a fact that a couple of you aren't wearing anything underneath your tailored tarps. For those who know me, it's common knowledge that I don't shy away ...

The Secret Knowledge of the Bombing of Pearl Harbor Essay -- essays re

Knowledge of the Bombing of Pearl the Secret Harbor Titans clashed in Europe...a struggle for power between the Axis(Germany, Italy, and Japan), and the Allies (France, England, and Russia), waged on. Many people died. There were famines, diseases, split up families, hardships unimaginable to people in our time. Yet one country prospered. Isolated in its own wealth and prosperity, The United States of America had no interest in the war. At least until one infamous day, December 7, 19411, the bombing of Pearl Harbor. On this day, Germany’s ally, Japan, led a surprise attack on the US Naval station in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Or was it a surprise? Did Franklin Delano Roosevelt, then president of the United States of America, know about the attack? Was he secretly hiding the information in order to enter World War II? The answer is yes. And not only did he know about the attack, he encouraged it. He used precise tactics in doing so, all the while abusing his presidential power and not helping save innocent American lives. Yet this tr agedy has been overlooked for many years, and will go unnoticed for many more. It was a â€Å"Day of Infamy†2, indeed. It was December7, 1941, the soldiers on naval base Pearl Harbor in Oahu were just waking up. Suddenly bombs began to drop, 7 ships were sunk, 2897 people were killed almost instantly, 879 were wounded3, millions of lives changed. Franklin Delano Roosevelt had wanted to enter the war for a long time. However, the United States’ public opinion was against going to war due to the stable and booming economy. The only problem was that he had to make Japan make the first move. He had to make them do this because the American people did not want to enter the war. He had to find a way. He found it in Lieutenant Commander Arthur H. McCollum. McCollum provided Roosevelt with a detailed, 8-step procedure for making Japan make the first overt move into war: A. Make an arrangement with Britain for the use of British bases in the Pacific, particularly Singapore. B. Make an arrangement with Holland for the use of base facilities and acquisition of supplies in the Dutch East Indies(now Indonesia). C. Give all possible aid to the Chinese government of Chiang Kai-shek. D. Send a division of long-range heavy cruisers to the Orient, Philippines, or Singapore. E. Send two divisions of submarines to the Orient. F. Keep the main strength of th... ...and against evil, for the surprise attack (on Pearl Harbor) made Americans sympathetic for our striped men and women, causing more help from the mass majority of Americans, eventually leading to victory in World War II. Had Nazi Germany won, no one knows the extent of evil that would have been caused. So even though Franklin Delano Roosevelt did many wrong things, his reasoning was good, and we were victorious. 1 http://www.execpc.com/~dschaaf/theday.html 2 FDR’s famous speech after the bombing 3 ftp://ftp.purdue.edu/pub/Liberal-Arts/History/pha/pearl.harbor/misc/army_1.txt 4 Stinnet, Robert; Day of Deceit, page 8 5 Stinnet, Robert; Day of Deceit, page 9 6 Stinnet, Robert; Day of Deceit, page 9 7 Stinnet, Robert; Day of Deceit, page 11 8 Stinnet, Robert; Day of Deceit, page 11 9 Stinnet, Robert; Day of Deceit, page 11 Bibliography Websites: 1. ftp://ftp.purdue.edu/pub/Liberal-Arts/History/pha/pearl.harbor/misc/army_1.txt 2. http://bcn.boulder.co.us/government/national/speeches/spch2.html Book: 3. Day of Deceit, Stinnet, Robert,The Free Press, New York, New York Encyclopedia: 3. World Book, 1989 edition, World Book Inc., Newspaper: 4. New York Times, Dec 8, 1941 edition.

Dracula As an Outsider Essay -- Literary Analysis

Dracula, as it was written by Bram Stoker, presents to us possibly the most infamous monster in all of literature. Count Dracula, as a fictional character, has come to symbolize the periphery between the majority and being an outsider to that group. Dracula’s appeal throughout the years and genres no doubt stems from his sense of romanticism and monster. Reader’s no doubt are attracted to his â€Å"bad-boy† sensibilities, which provide an attraction into the novel. Looking first at his appearance, personality, and behaviour at the beginning of the novel, we can easily see Dracula’s blurred outsider status, as he occupies the boundaries of human and monster. Related to this is Dracula’s geographic sense of outsider. For all intents and purposes, Dracula is an immigrant to England, thus placing him further into the realm of outsider. To look at Bram Stoker’s Dracula as solely a monster in the most violent sense of his actions would to be look at a sole aspect of his character, and so we must look at how he interacts with the outside world to genuinely understand him. The purpose of Dracula’s physical description is to place him against humanity and see how he stacks up. He has various features which obviously make him a vampire, such as a set of sharp teeth. But there are other peculiarities to his description which mark him as being an outsider. For instance, when Jonathon Harker, and by extension the reader, first meets Dracula, he describes him as being â€Å"a tall old man, clean shaven save for a long white moustache, and clad in black from head to foot† (Stoker 15). At this point, he is a regular looking man, or at least normal enough that nothing elicits a reaction in Jonathon. Later, however, the aberrant constitution of Dracula co... ...elf by taking other shapes and become something that no longer even reveals a human. Every part of Dracula’s â€Å"adventure† in England is a reaction to his outsider status, but more so because he attacks the readers, or at least the readers that Stoker was writing for, in their native land. Lastly, and possibly most importantly, Dracula’s otherness stems from the fact that he is an immigrant from a foreign land, a land that is itself removed from certainty as it is culturally between. This immigrant status first starts out as basic hatred, then turns into a fear as Dracula attempts to colonise England and dominate it. Works Cited Stoker, Bram. Dracula. Toronto: Project Gutenberg Publishings, 1897. Kane, Michael. â€Å"Insiders/Outsiders: Conrad's "The Nigger of the "Narcissus" " and Bram Stoker's â€Å"Dracula†Ã¢â‚¬  The Modern Language Review. 92.1 (1997): 1-21. Print.

Bachelor of Social Work Application

Social work is a vital part of every community. Social work aims at better understanding the issues concerning the people with respect to their environment and works on improving the living standards and the general human conditions. It is the science of exploring the dilemmas present in societies and community and make positive changes to social justice and economic status. This paper would address to questions social work related issues and problems. It would elaborate on the ethical concerns of social work. Moreover, it would discuss the role of self awareness with respect to social work.Discussion Social work related issue: Working as a social correspondent is not an easy task. Social work involves the responsibilities of insuring the rehabilitation of the society and its counterparts in a way that a better quality of life is granted to the people through solving the domestic issues and problems. One of the pressing issues in today's communities and homes is the abundant use of d rugs. over the passage of time, one of the major relief giver that people find from the tension and stress of the fast paced lifestyles is the use of drugs to relax the mind.Drug abuse is often an addiction and it has a vital affect on an individuals environments. Youngsters are more prone to this issue and need protection in situations where there family members are drug abusers. It is the responsibility of social workers to make sure that there are no youngsters that are at risk at home or elsewhere due to drug abusing and if cases are found, youngsters need to be taken into care. Social workers often find it difficult to assess the number of children that are living in high risk situations where they are not available with adequate safety, protection and support from drug abusing parents.In societies where there are no legal regulations and inadequate authorities, people are prone to drug abuse and this is when the social work is needed in order to maintain the safety and protect ion for the residents. Professional ethics in social work practice: Being aware of the ethical codes is a fundamental part of being a professional social worker. The ethical responsibilities that rest with social workers include the factor of loyalty that they have towards their work. Social workers work in the best interest of people and this often conflicts with the factors of efficiency and utility.Furthermore, it is a fact that the resources are often limited when it comes to working within societies. One of the major foils of the professional ethical code of conduct of social workers is the factor of mutual respect and dignity of everyone. Social work is the profession that encourages social change and it builds the relationship among people in order to enhance their well-being. For social work to be effective and efficient, social workers need to defend each person's emotional, physical and psychological well being and integrity in the best manner possible.Social workers are a lso responsible for maintaining social justice. For this to be effective, they need to respect diversity and abstain from discrimination on the bases of age, sex, culture, socio-economics background and various other aspects. Social work inherits the ethical responsibility of challenging any unjust policies or practices that are carried out and ensure that all the resources are distributed fairly according to the needs. (Levy, 1993) There are some other ethical codes of conduct that need to be followed by social workers in order to remain professional and qualifies in their field.It is unlawful to use the social work in negative schemes such as torturing or black mailing people into getting them to act in certain ways. Social workers are expected to retain empathy and compassion while dealing with people. Confidentiality of the people of use social services and accountability of actions are also important characteristics of the ethical responsibilities of social workers. (Levy, 1993 ) Self-awareness: Self awareness in social work is as important as the ethical implications.It is important to keep a respectful and non-judgmental attitude when working with people. Self awareness is basically the recognition of the element of one's personality. It includes the strengths, weaknesses, likes and dislikes. It is very important for social workers to develop self awareness as it helps them in recognizing when and how they get under pressure and stressed. Self awareness is vital for a more open and thorough communication because interpersonal relations is the core of social work.Self awareness is correlated with ethics and it helps ensure that the workers are empathetic towards the people and they develop and consciousness of how they view the world and the values that they hold. Developing an understanding on one's own values, cultures and beliefs helps in respecting a multicultural and diversified view of the society. Once the thoughts, beliefs, personality traits, val ues and biases that lie within a person are recognized, it is easy for the workers to acknowledge the different identifies and personalities that exist in societies and it is easier to overcome biases and maintain a more empathetic overview.Self awareness is therefore a skill that is critical for social workers to inculcate in order for them to acquire professional growth and become competent in their field. Conclusion In the end it is important to understand that social work involves dealing with all kinds of people and rehabilitating them and the society as a whole in order to facilitate justice and enable a better quality and standard of living for the society. Hence, it is important to maintain ethical responsibilities and carry out the work without any implicit bias. References Levy, C. S (1993). Social work ethics on the line. Haworth press.

Policies Introduced in the Past 25 Years Related to Education

Over the past 25 years, different policies have been put in place to influence the education system in different ways. Some sociologist would say that the main aim of these policies were to result in the marketization of the education system. Other sociologist would disagree; they believe that trying to create less inequality was the main intention when It comes to the educational reform. When the New Labour came to power, it seemed that policies they were in favour of were more aimed towards trying to create less inequality of different schools.One policy The New Labour introduced was free places in nurseries, this would ensure children from all backgrounds started educational development early and started to gain skills needed to start school. This would also give working class parents a chance to go out and work whilst their child is at nursery. They also introduced ‘Educational Action Zones’ these areas of deprivation were giving extra funding in order to lessen the inequality between these schools in worse areas to the schools in better areas.This is trying to give people of worse financial areas a better chance to gain access to good schools, and not just be limited to worse performing schools just because they live in a poorer area. They also introduced The EMA award, this was to try and get pupils to stay on in education past ages 16 (college, sixth form, apprenticeships etc. ) because if the pupils parent earned below a certain amount then the child would be entitled to ? 30 a week to help them with any costs that staying on in education may have.Although this may be contradicted by the inequalities that have been put in place by the steep rises in fees for universities, this has meant that working class pupils are at a disadvantage in comparison with the middle class. Previous to this; the conservative government introduced new right policies which are viewed as trying to create a market place out of the education system. They introduced several policies in order to force different schools in to competing with each other; this would then result in schools doing better.They aimed to create a parentocracy, where parents had much more choice when it came to schools for their children, they were able to choose which school they wanted their child to attend, rather than it being dependant on catchment areas like it was previously. This would result in schools upping their standards to gain pupils and ensure that parents would pick their school, funding was changed to be dependent on the amount of pupils a school had. By doing better than ther schools, more pupils would want to attend and result in more funding for the school, benefitting them and then helping them to improve further. Although, in order to rank schools against each other, there would have to be a system in place, so league tables were introduced and schools had to sit SATs and GCSE exams, the results were ranked in the league tables and parents could look through different schools to see where they were placed and pick the best school for their child, much like a market place.OFSTED were also introduced to monitor and inspect schools, they would review the schools standards in several different categories giving a report to be viewed in order to judge the school as a whole and give parents a wider range of data on the schools, giving them more understanding and a better basis to choose which school they would like their child to attend. These policies meant that standards for schools rose as they competed against each other and parents had a greater understanding of schools and had more freedom when it came to choice.On the other hand, it did also create problems, because the better schools got more funding and pupils, the worse schools weren’t able to get the funding they needed to improve which meant the gap between schools achievement became wider as the better schools got better and the worse schools became worse off this created greater inequality. Schools also started to exclude students that would affect their results in the league tables, this also created inequality.These inequalities may have been the reason for the new labour’s aim to wipe out the inequality because there was so much created. Overall, The Conservative party and New Labour both introduced new policies to the education system; the conservative was more aimed towards creating a market in the education system, whilst new labour strived to wipe out inequality in the system and tackle the issue of poverty. Although this being said, the new labour may have created more competition in the system by introducing faith and specialist schools.

A comparison of the pros and cons of Hybrid cars to those of fuel-cells

A hybrid car is a fuel efficient car which has 2 motors. One is electric motor while the other one is a gasoline powered motor. It has in addition to these a special system to capture braking energy store in an on board battery.A fuel-cell car produces electricity directly, the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen; the byproduct being water. A fuel –cell vehicle utilizes the electricity produced by the fuel cell to power motors at the vehicle’s wheel.A hybrid car has many advantages; they don’t use energy while idle, they also use less than gas motors at low speeds. With gas motors doing better at high speeds, it can deliver more power for a given motor weight. The electric motor works great at a time like rush hour and this way it doesn’t produce any exhaust therefore reducing smog levels.When a hybrid reaches a speed of 40 mph, the gas motor kicks in and gives a good feeling to the driver something most car owners are looking foe when on the highways. Hybrid cars also change the battery while running.Its disadvantages will include cost and complexity. It is a new technology and the cost is high. It also has its complications since the systems have to work together. If one system breaks then it might affect the others thereby making it really expensive to fix.Advantages of a fuel-cell car include:- low cost both in maintenance and purchase, its performance and rangeas read on ‘http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_vehicles/cars_pickups_suvs/fuelcell-vehicles.html’, it is known to be a smooth, quiet and fun to drive. They are also widely available in most parts of the world. They have disadvantages as; they contribute to global warming, they pollute air since they ran on pure hydrogen.  Ã‚   My opinion is that let there be wide variety since we are all different and have different tastes so let the variety to chose from be available.

Fundamentals of Leadership Mindmap

Semiotics Symbols are a means of communication – can include authority and process. A symbol is something which signifies something else. The purpose of symbols is to convey meaning. Semiotics Symbols are a means of communication – can include authority and process. A symbol is something which signifies something else. The purpose of symbols is to convey meaning. Ideology Coherent set of ideas and their underpinning logic, which inform action, preferences. It is the framework we use to make sense of the world.It is only visible to those who can look beyond the message, it lures people into forgetting that meaning is always socially constructed. Ideology Coherent set of ideas and their underpinning logic, which inform action, preferences. It is the framework we use to make sense of the world. It is only visible to those who can look beyond the message, it lures people into forgetting that meaning is always socially constructed. Hegemony The rule or influence of one count ry over others. The dominance or leadership of one social group over others.Gramsci developed this 20th century Marxism – where hegemony tries to explain the control of the dominance class in capitalism. Hegemony The rule or influence of one country over others. The dominance or leadership of one social group over others. Gramsci developed this 20th century Marxism – where hegemony tries to explain the control of the dominance class in capitalism. Managerialism Organisations have more similarities than differences so the performance of all organisations can be optimised by the application of generic management skills and theory.Managerialism Organisations have more similarities than differences so the performance of all organisations can be optimised by the application of generic management skills and theory. Key points 1)Co-founder of Marxism. 2)critique against capitalism 3)communist manifesto (1848) capital (1867-94) 4)focus on alienation and exploitation of the wor king class Key points 1)Co-founder of Marxism. 2)critique against capitalism 3)communist manifesto (1848) capital (1867-94) 4)focus on alienation and exploitation of the working class Habermas’ contributionsHis major contribution is his development of a theory of rationality. He criticises industrial democracies in the west for equating humanity with economic efficiency. A possibility for community through communicative action that strives for agreement between others. The importance of ‘ideal speech’ where you are able to raise moral and political concern and defend them by rationality only. Habermas’ contributions His major contribution is his development of a theory of rationality. He criticises industrial democracies in the west for equating humanity with economic efficiency.A possibility for community through communicative action that strives for agreement between others. The importance of ‘ideal speech’ where you are able to raise moral and political concern and defend them by rationality only. Karl Marx 1818-1883 Karl Marx 1818-1883 Critique of Capitalism As a mode of production with 2 key features: goods and services produced as commodities. Individuals labour power is also a commodity and can be bought and sold in the labour market. Wage slaves – Capitalism involves free exchange rather than pressure, but must sell their labour power to a capitalist to survive.Value added – machines, tools and innovations are used to help in production, this helps to gain abnormal profits or reduce turnover times etc. however these practices are adopted by competitors and workers productivity and wages become crucial thus only labour power can add value. Fundamental basis of economical class struggle in capitalism by increasing productivity by longer working day, intensifying effort during working hours, boosting output by cost effective and labour cutting techniques. Critique of CapitalismAs a mode of production w ith 2 key features: goods and services produced as commodities. Individuals labour power is also a commodity and can be bought and sold in the labour market. Wage slaves – Capitalism involves free exchange rather than pressure, but must sell their labour power to a capitalist to survive. Value added – machines, tools and innovations are used to help in production, this helps to gain abnormal profits or reduce turnover times etc. however these practices are adopted by competitors and workers productivity and wages become crucial thus only labour power can add value.Fundamental basis of economical class struggle in capitalism by increasing productivity by longer working day, intensifying effort during working hours, boosting output by cost effective and labour cutting techniques. Modernism Modernism Max Weber 1864-1920 Max Weber 1864-1920 Jurgen Habermas 1929 – Jurgen Habermas 1929 – Key points 1)major work – rationalisation and disenchantment associ ated with capitalism and modernity. 2)strong relationship between protestant morality and successful western capitalism. 3)3 different types of authority: traditional, charismatic and legal rational. )defined rationalisation 5)developed a theory of bureaucracy. Key points 1)major work – rationalisation and disenchantment associated with capitalism and modernity. 2)strong relationship between protestant morality and successful western capitalism. 3)3 different types of authority: traditional, charismatic and legal rational. 4)defined rationalisation 5)developed a theory of bureaucracy. Critical Management studies Is a movement that questions the authority and relevance if mainstream thinking and practice. Its focus is management as a pervasive institution that is entrenched within capitalist economic formations.Critical Management studies Is a movement that questions the authority and relevance if mainstream thinking and practice. Its focus is management as a pervasive institu tion that is entrenched within capitalist economic formations. Habermas on communication A model of communicative rationality that takes into account the effect power has on the situation and opposes the traditional idea of an objective and functionalist reason. He wanted to construct a non-oppressive, inclusive and universalist moral framework for discourse – where all speech acts are for mutual understanding. Habermas on communicationA model of communicative rationality that takes into account the effect power has on the situation and opposes the traditional idea of an objective and functionalist reason. He wanted to construct a non-oppressive, inclusive and universalist moral framework for discourse – where all speech acts are for mutual understanding. Post Modernism Post Modernism Michel Foucault 1926-1984 Michel Foucault 1926-1984 Critical Theory To develop a more rational, enlightened society through a process of critical reflection. To mobilise the potentials of critical reasoning in order to question and transform oppressive features of the modern world.Critical Theory To develop a more rational, enlightened society through a process of critical reflection. To mobilise the potentials of critical reasoning in order to question and transform oppressive features of the modern world. 1979 Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. The privatisation of property activated the privatisation of power. Compares 18th century torture and execution to 19th century prison and disciplinary prisons used- showing power. 1979 Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. The privatisation of property activated the privatisation of power.Compares 18th century torture and execution to 19th century prison and disciplinary prisons used- showing power. Weber and Bureaucracy The iron cage – the high reliance on machine production determines our lives that threatens to confine us within an ‘iron cage’ Clear division of labour. Standard s of impersonality govern interpersonal relations. People do not act as people but as a role of an office. Rules are carried out without any regard for people. Weber and Bureaucracy The iron cage – the high reliance on machine production determines our lives that threatens to confine us within an ‘iron cage’ Clear division of labour.Standards of impersonality govern interpersonal relations. People do not act as people but as a role of an office. Rules are carried out without any regard for people. Habermas and ideal speech When communication and dialogue are free of distortions an ‘ideal speech’ situation can be said to exist. To attain this lies in a specific form of knowledge, based on self- reflection. Habermas on communicative action Meaningful interaction between persons. Action that is couched in ordinary language and saying something. A way of doing something by conveying a message, establish social relationships.Express opinions and feelings and expressing self-identity. Habermas and ideal speech When communication and dialogue are free of distortions an ‘ideal speech’ situation can be said to exist. To attain this lies in a specific form of knowledge, based on self- reflection. Habermas on communicative action Meaningful interaction between persons. Action that is couched in ordinary language and saying something. A way of doing something by conveying a message, establish social relationships. Express opinions and feelings and expressing self-identity.Foucault : power and control Classical and system theory: organisations as logical, functional, impersonal passionless entities – neutral rules of efficiency and economy. Brought to life and maintained through: language, conversation and experience. Talking and arguing, reinforce structures of membership, acceptance and decision making. Political forces. Organisations as social constructions: legal and emotional ownership, membership and control. Skill , ability and learning capacity. Human frailty, willingness, passion and self-centredness. Foucault : power and controlClassical and system theory: organisations as logical, functional, impersonal passionless entities – neutral rules of efficiency and economy. Brought to life and maintained through: language, conversation and experience. Talking and arguing, reinforce structures of membership, acceptance and decision making. Political forces. Organisations as social constructions: legal and emotional ownership, membership and control. Skill, ability and learning capacity. Human frailty, willingness, passion and self-centredness. Foucault and Discipline Discipline is a series of techniques of observation, training and the direction of individuals.Where one is subjected to the will of another. Foucault wanted to understand the disciplinary power that is diffused throughout society. Our reliance and acceptance of certain norms circulates through our language and politics. Foucau lt and Discipline Discipline is a series of techniques of observation, training and the direction of individuals. Where one is subjected to the will of another. Foucault wanted to understand the disciplinary power that is diffused throughout society. Our reliance and acceptance of certain norms circulates through our language and politics.Organisational control Organizational structures hierarchy, influence tactics such as: compliance, surveillance, technology, pay and rewards, power to set the agenda and power to execute. Organisational control Organizational structures hierarchy, influence tactics such as: compliance, surveillance, technology, pay and rewards, power to set the agenda and power to execute. Weber and Rationalisation The process by which nature, society and individual action are mastered to orientation to planning, technical procedure and rational action Weber and RationalisationThe process by which nature, society and individual action are mastered to orientation to planning, technical procedure and rational action Weber’s thoughts Spread of bureaucracy to all areas of life would imprison us in an ‘iron cage’ with no escape. It could crush the human spirit by regulating all spheres of social life. Bureaucracy has potential to suffocate and dehumanise people. Bureaucracy excludes public from decision making and participation in the production of consensus, which leads to loss of democracy. Weber’s thoughtsSpread of bureaucracy to all areas of life would imprison us in an ‘iron cage’ with no escape. It could crush the human spirit by regulating all spheres of social life. Bureaucracy has potential to suffocate and dehumanise people. Bureaucracy excludes public from decision making and participation in the production of consensus, which leads to loss of democracy. The Frankfurt school (Institute of social research) ( The Frankfurt school (Institute of social research) ( Founded to interpret critique and ref rame the relevance of Marxist thought for contemporary industrial society.Founded to interpret critique and reframe the relevance of Marxist thought for contemporary industrial society. They gathered together dissident Marxists – severe criticisms of capitalism who opposed Marx’s thought of economic determinism and special role of communist party. They selected parts of Marxist thought that they fitted in with the modern world – influenced especially by the failure of working class revolutions and advanced German nation. Looked at Max Weber and Sigmund Freud to fill Marx’s perceived omissions – attempt to overcome the limits of positivism, crude materialism and phenomenology.They gathered together dissident Marxists – severe criticisms of capitalism who opposed Marx’s thought of economic determinism and special role of communist party. They selected parts of Marxist thought that they fitted in with the modern world – influenced especially by the failure of working class revolutions and advanced German nation. Looked at Max Weber and Sigmund Freud to fill Marx’s perceived omissions – attempt to overcome the limits of positivism, crude materialism and phenomenology. Marx and ExploitationThe exchange value of a product is determined by the quantity of labour necessary to produce it. Marx’s position is that while it is labour that determines the exchange value of commodities, the exchange of labour for wages is not reciprocally balanced. What is exchanged is labour power: the capacity to work. Marx and Exploitation The exchange value of a product is determined by the quantity of labour necessary to produce it. Marx’s position is that while it is labour that determines the exchange value of commodities, the exchange of labour for wages is not reciprocally balanced.What is exchanged is labour power: the capacity to work. Marx and alienation Marx identifies 4 types of worker alienatio n under capitalism: 1) self-estrangement 2) estrangement from the product of their labour. 3) Estrangement from their species being 4) estrangement from others. 1)Alienation of the worker from the work he produces, from the product of his labour – the absence of control by the producer over the product. The product reduces, rather than expresses the producer’s humanity, and sustains alienation by buttressing capitalism. )Alienation of the worker from working, from the act of producing itself – increasing division of labour. This fragments the productive process into meaningless, and ostensibly unrelated tasks such that the general orientation of labour to work is not one of the creative liberation but instrumental and forced labour. 3)Alienation of the worker from other workers or producers – turn every productive group into competitors, setting individual against individual and reducing the social relations between people to economic exchanges or commodi ties. ) Alienation of the worker from himself as a producer, from his or her species being – objects designed for use by humans are transformed via the capitalist mode of production into commodities that dominate humans. Marx and alienation Marx identifies 4 types of worker alienation under capitalism: 1) self-estrangement 2) estrangement from the product of their labour. 3) Estrangement from their species being 4) estrangement from others. )Alienation of the worker from the work he produces, from the product of his labour – the absence of control by the producer over the product. The product reduces, rather than expresses the producer’s humanity, and sustains alienation by buttressing capitalism. 2)Alienation of the worker from working, from the act of producing itself – increasing division of labour. This fragments the productive process into meaningless, and ostensibly unrelated tasks such that the general orientation of labour to work is not one of th e creative liberation but instrumental and forced labour. )Alienation of the worker from other workers or producers – turn every productive group into competitors, setting individual against individual and reducing the social relations between people to economic exchanges or commodities. 4) Alienation of the worker from himself as a producer, from his or her species being – objects designed for use by humans are transformed via the capitalist mode of production into commodities that dominate humans.

Image-Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Image-Making - Essay Example Although once identified as simply the swoosh on the side of a Nike athletic shoe or the golden arches soaring over every McDonalds entrance, the term ‘branding’ has grown to encompass many aspects of a company or individual. â€Å"Brands are not simply products or services. Brands are the sum totals of all the images that people have in their heads about a particular company and a particular mark. Brands absorb everything around them† (Scott Bedbury, CEO of Brandstream, a Seattle-based marketing consultancy, quoted in Kalin, 2001). Indeed the term has come to refer to not only the images a company produces in order to call their product or services to mind, but also the products sold, the services rendered, the building in which the company is headquartered or even the country in which it originated as well as the methods used to project these ideas and images to the broader public. To remain competitive in the world today, just about anything can be identified w ith a brand if it is so chosen – companies, museums, hospitals, even individual people. In making his bid for the 2008 Presidential Election, candidate Barak Obama skillfully applied the elements of branding or image-making to himself, successfully presenting himself as the most viable candidate through his general appearance, the ways in which he is identified and the context of his message. Barak Obama seems keenly aware of the importance of appearance in making a good impression on the American public. From our earliest history, it has been through our outward appearances that we project who and what we are to other people. Studies conducted by Dr. John Gottman and Dr. Dacher Keltner have revealed that people most often make snap judgments about the people they meet without even thinking about it that can often prove to be quite accurate (Walker, 2006). Therefore, the physical appeal of an individual often plays a significant role in his (or her) acceptance by the

MGT Leadership and Ethics Unit 2 IP Research Paper

MGT Leadership and Ethics Unit 2 IP - Research Paper Example An effective leader exhibits a combination of both in-born traits and skills acquired through experience and biological background. â€Å"Leadership style is the combination of traits, skills and behaviours leaders use as they interact with the followers.† (Lussier and Archua, 2010) thus the individual characteristics and traits of the leader depend on two factors: Heredity and Environment. The heredity factor includes the generic composition of the leader along with his biological background. However environment includes the culture, religion, family, location and education etc. The interaction between heredity genes and the environmental forces help build up the leadership characters. The differences in the traits possessed by the leaders arise from the demographics, values, personality and aptitude. ‘Individual behaviour is determined to a great extent by internal elements such as attitudes, personality, perceptions, and ability.’ (Lewis & Goodman et al., 2007) The demographics of the leader includes his background, age and other physical attributes and whereabouts, the values are the long lasting preferences and beliefs, and personality is what makes the leader unique showcasing the different physical and psychological characteristics. Lastly the important individual characteristic is the aptitude of the leader, the natural talent of doing something both mentally and physically. ‘Executives who can effectively focus on others emerge as natural leaders regardless of organizational or social rank.’ (Goleman, 2013) This aptitude cannot be enforced on anyone however skills can be acquired through training. A leader cannot be made through training however new skills can be taught for better and effective leadership. Thus the conventional theories of leadership involve the trait and behavioural theories that focus on the traits as well as the acquired behaviour of the leader also mentioned in the above discussion. The contingency theory brings in the situation and its characteristics into the leadership equation. The test of leadership depends upon the nature of the situation and the success depends upon how well the leader manages the situation at hand. The power and influence theory that will become the main focus of this discussion, focus on the different ways the leaders use their power in order to get things done. All these believes and theories are reflected in the leadership model where the leader has to deal with the personal front involving his set of his abilities and traits, the group where he manages the organization and lastly the public involving the environment and the stakeholders of the leader’s organization. The power of the leader in an organization is vast (see Appendix). A CEO of a large organization has the power to influence the board of directors. He is the sole figure that can change the philosophy of the entire organization. The power of the CEO is to decide how much input he wants from the subordinates and how stringent or relaxed the work hierarchy should be. His expertise in the organization is supposedly more enriched as compared to other employees in the organization. It is this knowledge and official responsibility that gives the CEO the power to control. He is the one who can turn a bad situation to a positive through his influence tactics. For example, Proctor and Gamble (P&G) the consumer

Analyzing sports in Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analyzing sports in Latin America - Essay Example Strictly speaking the region encompasses many different people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Although some people would argue that the continent has been dominated by Spanish and Portuguese colonization, many successive waves of immigrants from various parts of Europe, Asia and Africa has made a significant impact on the continent. For example Nestor Kirchner (The former president of Argentina) was of German descent, and Alberto Fujimori (The former President of Peru) was of Japanese descent. This has played a significant role in the impact of sports in Latin America insofar as people tended to bring their own cultural traditions with them when emigrating to Latin America. For example cricket (A sport which was created by the British) plays a more domineering role in the Falkland Islands, and baseball plays a more important role in the Dominican Republic (A nation with some historic ties with the United States). Physical geography plays a significant role in the impact of sport in Latin America because the continent is extremely diverse. FIFA had a temporary ban on international matches stadiums at high altitudes which made it difficult for nations like Bolivia. Moreover, nations that have access to lakes and oceans are more likely to engage in paddling sports than those that are landlocked. For the purpose of this paper the major sports that will be discussed are soccer (football), baseball, and basketball. Without question, soccer plays a significant role in Latin America. Although the sport is likely played across the entire continent some nations have become international powerhouses. Argentina is a nation that not only performs well in international competitions (Such as the World Cup) but has also give us some of the most memorable players. Diego Maradona is a player who came from humble roots in Buenos Aires yet is remember for two major goals during his career â€Å"The goal of the Century† and the â€Å"Hand of God† goal. Just after the completion of the Falkland war Argentina and England came face to face at the 1986 FIFA World Cup Quarter Final. The first half of the game was scoreless yet in the first few minutes of the second half, an English player tried to clear the ball yet accidentally hooked it towards the English goalkeeper. At this point Maradona jumped , screeching through the air with his fist extended which came into contact with the ball which went into the goal. The referee never saw the infraction and the English. However just a few minutes later Maradona ran at full steam for over sixty meters, blazing past five English defenders and ran 'dribbled' the ball around the English goalkeeper to score the goal that the English could not return. Although Argentina went on to win the World cup, it was often stated that beating England was more important as it satisfied their revenge for the Falkland war. Although some soccer players ar e relatively unknown in the United States they are often more popular than movie stars in their own country. Player such as Lionel Messi (Argentina) Ronaldinho (Brazil), Marcelo Salas (Chile), or Cladio Pizarro (Peru) are all international celebrities. Soccer plays a significant role in South American sports but it is by no means the only Sport. In nations such as the Dominican Republic, Cuba and Venezuela